Risk Management and Concert - 6759 Words

XSU Spring Concert You are a member of the X University student body entertainment committee. Your committee has agreed to sponsor a spring concert. The motive behind this concert is to offer a safe alternative to Alta Vista Baby (AVB) Week†end, a spring event in which students for X University rent houseboats to engage in heavy partying. Traditionally this occurs during thelast weekend in May. Unfortunately, the partying has a long history of getting out of hand, sometimes leading to fatal accidents. After one such tragedy last spring, your committee wants to offer an alternative experience for those who are eager to celebrate the change in weather and the pending end of the school year. You have just finished a preliminary scope†¦show more content†¦Concert must be over by 11:30 P.M. XSU Spring Concert You are a member of the X University student body entertainment committee. Your committee has agreed to sponsor a spring concert. The motive behind this concert is to offer a safe alternative to Alta Vista Baby (AVB) Week†end, a spring event in which students for X University rent houseboats to engage in heavy partying. Traditionally this occurs during thelast weekend in May. Unfortunately, the partying has a long history of getting out of hand, sometimes leading to fatal accidents. After one such tragedy last spring, your committee wants to offer an alternative experience for those who are eager to celebrate the change in weather and the pending end of the school year. You have just finished a preliminary scope statement for the project (see below). You are now brainstorming potential risks associated with the project. 1. Identify potential risks associated with this project. Try to come up with at least five different risks. 2. Perform a risk assessment to analyze identified risks. 3. Develop a risk response matrix to outline how you would deal with each of the risks. PROJECT OBJECTIVE To organize and deliver an eight†hour concert at Wahoo Stadium at a cost not to exceed $50,000 on the last Saturday in May. ï ¿ ¼DELIVERABLES †¢ Local advertising. †¢ Eight hours of music and entertainment. †¢ Secure all licenses and approvals. MILESTONES †¢ Concert security. †¢ Food venues. †¢ SecureShow MoreRelatedAn Open Air Outdoor Stadium For A Concert Venue1443 Words   |  6 Pageshandle the risk management plan for the Providence stop of a concert series. The services provided will involve creating a risk management plan, which includes four steps: identifying risk; assessing risk; choosing a management action; and implementing and monitoring the process (Wall, 2009, p.12). The venue for the concert will be an open-air outdoor stadium that is used primary for football, so the variables for the event will be plentiful. Carefully assessing the potential risk management issuesRead MoreThe Management Plan For The Providence Football Stadium Arena Stadium782 Words   |  4 Pages The venue selected to stage the concert is an open air football stadium that holds a capacity of 15,000 patrons. When planning an outdoor event it is important to have a proper risk management plan in place to address the potential risk associated with the planning and execution of the â€Å"Fly Away Tour†. Throughout the following risk assessment plan we will identify, assess, implement, and review the risk that can happen over the course of the event. The risks that can happen at the ProvidenceRead MoreXsu Spring Concert824 Words   |  4 Pages– XSU Spring Concert. Risk Identification Firstly, we can state that, as with most projects, there are several risks that occur when it comes to the execution of this spring concert. To make the risks more easily viewable, it is preferable to divide the risks into different sections and via that use the Risk Breakdown Structure, (RBS). (p.214) There are four general categories that the risks are divided into: Technical, External, Organizational and Project Management. These risks are divided intoRead MoreWhat Pyrotechnics Restrictions Would You Place On The Artists?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesattract some 10,000 spectators and will be broadcast live to other parts of the nation. How would you handle the stage planning and the electrical planning for this show? What pyrotechnics restrictions would you place on the artists? When planning a concert there are plenty of different aspect that must be considered during this process. The most vital aspects that requires careful planning are the stage planning, and electrical planning. Every music group has different desires for the layout of theRead MoreThe For A Good Risk Management Plan826 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and rock concerts often intersected over the course of time; plenty of concerts and festivals have either used alcohol as a sponsor or ancillary revenue. Alcohol and other types of concessions sold at festivals are considered ancillary revenue because it is derived from goods or services other than the primary service or good being offered (What is ancillary revenue, 2015, para.1). Therefore, serving alcohol at festivals is another way for the promotors, event managers, and the venue toRead MoreSecret Shopper : Getter At The Royal Oak Music Theatre Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesSecret Shopper: Getter We attended a concert at the Royal Oak Music Theatre, in Royal Oak, Michigan. Both of us have experienced events at this venue and we were excited to see Getter DJ. Getter is a dubstep and bass music producer that has been releasing music since 2010, but just recently has grown in popularity. This show was a part of his first bus tour across the U.S. There are many elements that go along with producing live entertainment events, and every participant has a different experienceRead MoreTraining And Management Of Product Quality1536 Words   |  7 Pagesbudget projection and management. Demonstrated aptitude for team leadership and training and management of product quality. Passionate about continuous learning; PMP Certification (PMI) and Six Sigma certification (ASQ) in progress. Looking for a management position within a major corporation dedicated to corporate integrity and customer satisfaction. Experience Event Design and Management, Blue Box Events January 2015 – Current Salary: Contracted $50-$75 hourly †¢ Management services featuredRead MoreRisk Management Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesRisk management is the term applied to a logical and systematic method of establishing the context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and communicating risks associated with any activity, function or process in a way that will enable organizations to minimize losses and maximize opportunities. (Lecture notes)Risk Management is also described as all the things you need to do to make the future sufficiently certain. (The NZ Society for Risk Management, 2001) The goal forRead MoreMetropolis Terrorism Incident Preparedness Strategy1343 Words   |  6 PagesIncident Preparedness Strategy The constantly changing nature of terrorism mandates that Metropolis continues to press forward to develop a vision and strategy that defines their terrorism preparedness objectives. Employing insight and identifying eight risk areas, Metropolis has developed this terrorism incident preparedness plan. The intent of this document is to provide Metropolis guidance and cohesion to support agencies during a terrorist event using reactionary and resiliency planning. Moreover,Read MoreLady Gaga Case Studyanalysis1273 Words   |  6 PagesReid: Record Producer †¢ Kanye West: Hip Hop/Rap Artist Others: †¢ William Morris Endeavor - Agency †¢ Atom Factory Inc. †¢ Live Nation †¢ Coalition Media (2) IDENTIFY THE MAJOR PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN THE CASE Problems Issues: ï  ¶ Lady Gaga’s management team had to make a strategic decision on whether or not Lady Gaga would be continuing the tour solo or not. ï  ¶ If Lady Gaga would perform the tour solo would they have to readjust and cater to a smaller venue being that Kanye West withdrew from

Essay about Homelessness Hidden in America - 473 Words

Homelessness Hidden in America Homelessness in America has gone un-noticed for so long. For America to be the â€Å"land of opportunity† there is a large amount of people who have been deprived of what they were promised. There is so much this country offers, but at the same time there are so many qualifications. Not everyone can meet these standards that are sometimes required. This results in homelessness and poverty. Homelessness has become a hidden aspect in life. The government wants people to continue seeing America’s beauty. In order for that to be successful they would have to get rid of the flaws. It is never easy to see a homeless person on the street begging for food or money. I would choose to see what is going on in the world†¦show more content†¦People believed being homeless was a lifestyle chosen by that person. No one chooses to be homeless or live in poverty. Most of the time people are having problems with the government that result in leaving them without shelter, food, or an education. Over the past fifteen to twenty years, there has been an increasing shortage of affordable rental housing as well as an increase in poverty. It is becoming more of a struggle everyday for people to survive in this world. Jobs are limited, and education isn’t even an option for some people. Who or what is the face of homelessness? What are the demographics? Can one be homeless if they are old or young? In 1998, the U.S Conference of Mayors’ survey of homelessness in 30 cities found that children under the age of 18 accounted for 25% of the urban homeless population. A 1987 Urban Institute study found that 51% of the homeless populations were between the ages of 31 and 50; other studies have found percentages of homeless persons aged 55 to 60 ranging from 2.5% to 19.4%. (National Coalition for the Homeless factsheet) Many people believe that race has something to do with being homeless. The ethnic makeup of homeless populations is different according to the place you live. People, who are living homeless in rural areas, are most likely white. In its 1998 survey of 30 cities, the U.S Conference of Mayor found that the homeless population was 49% African-American, 32% Caucasian, 12% Hispanic, 4% NativeShow MoreRelatedThe United Kingdom And The Implication For Women849 Words   |  4 Pagesand explore homelessness in the United Kingdom and the implication for women. Literature review Many historian and social scientist agree that the multi-dimensional and complex nature of homelessness has resulted in the relative difficulty in establishing a clear definition of homelessness. Accordingly, homelessness began to escape concise definition, due to the complexity and increasing diversification (Chamberlain and Johnson: 2001). However, globally the definition of homelessness states thatRead MoreHomelessness : Poverty And Lack Of Permanent And Stable Housing1244 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness is the situation where individuals lack safe and adequate housing resulting in sleeping in the streets, their cars, and family or friends homes or in shelters. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), a homeless person is an individual who does not a have a permanent residence place, but rather has a temporary nighttime residence which is not designed for the accommodation of human beings (National Health Care for the Homeless Council, n.d.) SuchRead MoreAll Men and Women have the Right to the American Dream638 Words   |  3 Pagesand be forced to leave their homes. Homelessness doesn’t differentiate but effects individuals from all walk of life such as; families with children, military veterans, victims of domestic violence, the working poor, and the mentally ill, just to name a few. Homelessness is influenced by not only by economic factors; it includes social, medical, and political factors as well, however, every community is unique in finding ways to overcome homelessness including our community within Pettis CountyRead MoreHow Homelessness Has Changed Since The Great Depression843 Words   |  4 PagesThe image of homelessness has changed since the Great Depression, when many homeless people were elderly and white. Today a growing number of women and families, including young children, are homeless because of insufficient housing and resources (Bassuk Rosenberg, 1988). As the number of homeless people has continued to rise over the past decade, homelessness has become a central feature of life in America. Homelessness tends to be associated with images of people who sleep in the streets, parksRead MoreStudent s Perceptions Of Homeless Persons Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagesthree million people homeless in America at any given time. Research as shown that homeless individuals often are treated differently just because of other people’s perceptions toward them (Boydell, Goering, Morrell-Bellai, 2000; Harter, Berquist, Titsworth, Novak, Brokaw, 2005). Persons wanting to work with homeless individuals should be aware of any biases they bring with them when working with this population. Homelessness in a growing problem in America today. Several studies have beenRead MoreMental Illness, Drug And Alcohol Abuse1476 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The information I gathered from the research was that the major factors that contribute to homelessness are mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse. I also learned that many individuals need to develop skills and seek treatment to learn how to break the patterns which lead to cyclical or generational homelessness (Morris, 1997). There are many signs that contribute to individuals paths to homelessness and some include sudden unemployment, maintain a budget for the family, domestic violence, mentalRead MoreNo Look As You Walk Your Routine Route1521 Words   |  7 Pages guilty look as you walk your routine route. Homelessness is a major problem that continues to grow every year in America. According to The Huffington Post, â€Å"Over half a million people are homeless. One quarter of homeless people are children.† (â€Å"10 Facts About Homelessness† par. 4). With the growing community of homeless people one-fourth of that is to be composed of homeless children. A person under the age of eighteen years old who have an absence of proper housing vital for a standard personRead MoreThe Disgrace of Veteran Homelessness Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican soldiers have proudly served their country. Because of these wars America is famous throughout the world for military power and its protection of freedom in the world. Today the U.S is an international symbol of wealth and power; it has the largest Gross Domestic Product in the world as well as the strongest military. Yet even America falls prey to a social ill that plagues every society, that of the homelessness of its citizens. Shamefully of those homeless 23% are reported to be veteransRead MoreEssay on The Causes of Homelessness1301 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem: homelessness. Homelessness in America could be considered a major issue considering that over six hundred thousand people are homeless at any one time. Of those homeless, 46% were individuals not regularly occurring homelessness, 37% were individuals with chronic homelessness, and about 16% were families (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2013). One might ask themselves, â€Å"How does this affect me?† Currently, it might not, however if you look at the statistics, homelessness was not aRead MoreThe Homeless Are Homeless : A Middle Class Lifestyle After Marriage1654 Words   |  7 Pagesat least four episodes of homelessness in the past three years (Doran). The reason there are so many homeless people now in the country is because of a very punitive and moralistic societal value we have about people who are homeless and in desperate need. (Tsemberis). The government should provide more adequate shelter because child homelessness is at an all time high in the United States, mental health issues are more common among homeless people, veteran homelessness is increasing throughout

The Rise Of The Industrial Revolution - 937 Words

With the hum of new machines came the buzz of prominent voices and ideologies within the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution began in England around the eighteenth century. It was a period of time where there was a transition from rural agriculture to powered machinery, and mass production of goods. Though the goods increased, a new social system also emerged, which consequently caused tensions between the working class and the bourgeoisie. These strains between the proletarian group and the bourgeoisie gave rise to many political responses as to how the economy should be carried out. Philosophers of the Industrial Revolution often debated on whether to leave the economic system for how it was, a call for reform, or overthrowing the system as a whole by means of a revolution. The philosophers that defended the new system believed that the economic structure should have the freedom from government intervention, called the laissez-faire political economy, so that they cou ld act on self-interest in order to create greater goods for the greatest profit. A notable philosopher who strongly defended the new economic system was Harriet Martineau. Harriet Martineau was a classic liberal who firmly believed that workers should leave their wages to the supply and demands of the free market. She defended the laissez-faire system because she believed that the competition in the market would lead to a balance between payout and profit, which would lead to higher wages andShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution942 Words   |  4 Pagesbegin to blister, maybe the farmer will become dehydrated and will have to stop production? There’s a famous quote that states â€Å"time is money,†which before the Industrial Revolution was admittedly true. Merchants could not spare a second because time could not afford to be wasted. Furthermore, during the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which took place during the18th and 19th century, merchants were eleiviated of the burden of meager income, malnutrition, and etc. Which of course sounds greatRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesA revolution is a â€Å"sudden, extreme, or complete change in the way people live, work, etc.† (Meriam-Webster). The Industrial Revolution was a shift from largely rural, handcrafted and agricultural economies to an eventual urban technology-driven economies. The revolution began in Britain in the 1700s, hit the United States in the 1800s and spread to the whole world by the 1900s. Europe and the United States were components in the products of the Industrial Revolution going viral. These two countriesRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1007 Words   |  5 Pages Analytical Paper In the late 1800s, with the rise of the industrial revolution, there were business titans make millions and curating monopoly. These men were know as Robber Barons, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P Morgan, Andrew Carnegie and John D, Rockefeller. These men were buying up every business that had any relationship with their companies in order to corner the market and create monopolies. These companies had no restrictions on the business practices and business acquisitions during thisRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1349 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the height of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, specifically England, was a period of mass sufferings, child induced labor, and food shortages all due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization, in which a large population of the people from rural areas migrated to cities and towns out of necessity for work, â€Å"half of the population of England and Wales was living in towns by 1850.† This was all witne ssed by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels when they were living in England inRead MoreThe Rise Of The Industrial Revolution1464 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses,† said Henry Ford. The Industrial Revolution was a stage in the evolution of human society in which a lot of change was effected, not only because of all the new technology being invented, but in the structure of society. As people started to stand up for their rights and rejecting the long-standing institution of wealth determining status, the Old Regime had to adapt. France’s Constitution of 1791 had one law that classifiedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Rise Of Computer Industry Essay1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution caused a great change in history in both technology and science. With the increased mechanization of society and the increase in manufactured goods. We still see its effects today and you could argue that the Industrial Revolution is still going on with the rise of computer industry and the internet. We also are seeing the impact of the Industrial Revolution and how it has effected our environment and even how we conduct war. Before the Industrial Revolution most productionRead MoreThe Rise of the Factory System during the Industrial Revolution1245 Words   |  5 Pagesof management theories ranging from classical theories of management to the Japanese management model. The present day management theory is the outcome of the many interdisciplinary efforts of a wide range of people. The rise of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution in Europe, where mechanization or automation and mass production were the pillars of productivity, was the start of the modern day organization. Management theory was, however, slow to evolve. There was a need to define managementRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Associated With Britain s Rise As An Imperial Power?2272 Words   |  10 Pageswhat extent was the industrial revolution associated with Britain’s rise as an imperial power? In the middle of the 18th century, there were many major European colonial powers; Spain, Portugal, the Dutch Republic, France and of course, Great Britain . A century later, by about the middle of the 19th century, the British Empire was unrivalled, stretching all around the world and having become a great trading and conquering empire. During this period, the â€Å"industrial revolution† was credited to haveRead MoreIndustrial Revolutions During Europe During The Industrial Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution in Europe Before the industrial revolution, Europe was mostly dominated by farmers but as the industrial revolution progressed this changed dramatically. Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is consideredRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay serves to outline the factors that contributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scien tific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning

Drug Abuse And Alcohol Abuse - 749 Words

In my selection for an agency that I would consider to work in, it was narrowed down to working for the State of New Hampshire in particular the Bureau of Drug and Alcohol Services. This is an agency within an agency. The main reason I chose this area is due to two factors: the first one is that drug and alcohol is such a sever addiction that it is almost impossible for the individual to get out of it on their own. The second factor is first-hand experience. I myself have been down the same road as so many others with drug abuse and addiction. I certainly believe that this experience will benefit other individuals due to that fact that I can relate to them wholeheartedly. Addiction is a serious condition, and for many a hard area to overcome. By having first-hand experience I feel as though I can relate more to these individuals than a professional who has never experienced addiction or drug abuse. By allowing these clients to understand where I come from and my history with addiction and drug use they would be able to feel freer and comfortable which over all would allow them to be completely honest. This honesty factor in the long run would benefit them in the treatment of their addictions. New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services: The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is the largest agency in New Hampshire state government, responsible for the health, safety and well-being of the citizens of New Hampshire (NHDHHS, 2015). NHDHHSShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and Drug Abuse1722 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drug Addiction Samara Kitchens COM/156 Instructor: Sunday, May 19, 2013 There was a missing person report across the news today, my co-worker stated. I never paid any attention to it; I went on about my day as if everything was fine. When I arrived at home I had severalRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe abuse of drugs and alcohol has been a known issue over past decades. The media paints the picture that alcohol and drug use is fun and the only way to have a good time. While alcohol in moderation is fine, many people find themselves going over board and abusing it. Elicit drugs like cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and have several adverse effects. People find themselves depressed and anxious so they ultimately try to use these drugs to mask the pain instead of getting help for theirRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1146 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper examines how the abuse of drugs and alcohol can drastically alter the dynamics of the family as a whole. Addiction is a chronic disorder that tears families apart as it destroys the individuals themselves. There is a thin line that family members walk in order to function with an addict daily. The impact that family member have can either be a positive facilitator towards the addicts recovery or the family can become drawn into the addicts world of abuse and addiction. There are variousRead MoreDrug Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesDrug and Alcohol Abuse Drug and alcohol abuse is something that is happening more and more often it seems. There are many reason for this happening. First of all, people experiment with drugs and alcohol mainly out of curiosity. Maybe their friends are doing it, they just want to have a good time, or they could be hoping to improve athletic performance. It is common thing at parties and social gatherings for people to feel the need to drink or try drugs. Another reason start to use and abuse drugsRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug And Alcohol Abuse Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie Trainspotting is an entertaining look into the dark world of drug and alcohol abuse. Heroin is the drug of choice for the protagonist, but other substances are also consumed throughout the film: heroin, prescription medication, opium, hash, amphetamines, and alcohol are a constant presence in the story. Repeated polysubstance abuse combined with a negative social environment and a weak support structure compounds the problems of Renton, a heroin addicted young adult man living in ScotlandRead MoreDrug Alcohol And Drug Abuse1773 Words   |  8 Pagesnet - guide - Avoiding Alcohol And Drug Abuse In College College is a time of great personal growth and education, but it is also a time to have a lot of fun. Unfortunately, people often take this fun too far by delving into excessive drug and alcohol abuse. This impacts millions of college students every year in multiple ways, including creating a lifelong addiction, causing educational problems, and even personal injury. However, it is possible to avoid alcohol and drug abuse in college. It takesRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 Pagesof Alcohol and Drug Abuse There may be some things that you don t know about the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on friends and family and how your friends and family may react to your choices. Having knowledge about alcohol and drug abuse, preventing toxic relationship with friends, and being informed about the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse can prevent the harmful use or consumption of drugs and alcohol. First and foremost, having knowledgeable information on the impact drugs andRead MoreThe Problem Of Drugs And Alcohol Abuse765 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction My chosen contemporary social problem is drugs and alcohol abuse. It goes without saying that drugs and alcohol abuse is one of the most significant social problems not only in the United States but also around the world. As a matter of facts, drugs and alcohol abuse is a problem with innumerable effects both on the body and mind of a person. Many times, these adverse impacts affect the families, friends, and acquaintances of the addict whereby, for instance, the latter may lose theirRead MoreAdolescent Drug Abuse And Alcohol1426 Words   |  6 Pages1 RUNNING HEAD: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Abuse and Alcohol Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. This has been a huge issue for years. This has become a trend in society as of today. This paper will discuss the perspective of adolescent alcohol and drugs. This paper will also identify and inform you on the common predictors of adolescentRead MoreTeenage Drug And Alcohol Abuse978 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage drug and alcohol abuse is becoming a major problem in the United States. Abuse of illicit substances eventually leads to an addiction. Drug and alcohol addiction is a disease, and it is contagious. It does not spread through germs; it spreads through families, schools, and communities. There are two youth prevention programs that try to exceed at decreasing the drug and alcohol abuse in teenagers. They are the D.A.R.E. program and the Serenity House based out of Texas. The D.A.R.E. program

Bahlawane Discussion Free Essays

The discussion is formulated, as the entire thesis, along with the two major investigations done during this study. These are the study of the regulatory mechanism of wg genes expression in the first part and of Rem expression in the second part. An emphasis is given to the role of MucR in both regulation paths. We will write a custom essay sample on Bahlawane Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the conclusion will try to point out the consequences of an inter-connected regulation and be closed on the role of MucR for the symbiosis efficiency in S. meliloti. I. Regulation scheme of galactoglucan synthesis in low and high Pi Published, also already edited II. Regulation scheme of motility genes in S. meliloti. Motility and chemotaxis offers micro – organisms a distinct advantage when faced with starvation, toxic substances or a requirement to approach the appropriate host. However, the motility machinery places high energy demands on the cell. Bacteria develop a strict regulation network to control the expression of motility – related genes to avoid inappropriate energy expenditure. Bacteria also invoke alternative strategies for the regulation of motility when faced with starvation or reduced nutrient conditions. In some bacteria, e. g. , Serratia liquefaciens and Escherichia coli, this strict regulation results an increase of ability to migrate when faced with reduced nutrient conditions (Sharma, Anand, 2002). Apparently the strategy is to engage the motility machinery only in response to stress / starvation conditions by moving towards a better environment. In other bacteria, e. g. S. meliloti, the strict regulation results migration toward chemo-attractants under nutrient sufficient or excess conditions and the development of the vegetative state and biofilm upon encountering stress/starvation conditions (Wei, Bauer, 1998). Thus, S. meliloti was found to be motile throughout active growth, when nutrients are readily available, and to become non-motile upon transition to the stationary phase (Rotter et al. , 2006). The clue of this regulation remained unknown up to the present. Some advances have been performed by the discovery of Rem (Rotter et al. , 2006), a Class Ib regulator, which expression follows the cell motility. Recently, Hoang et al. (Hoang et al. , 2008) demonstrated that quorum sensing (QS) regulated motility in strain Rm8530 through the regulation of visNR expression by ExpR by using an unknown mechanism. 1. Modulation of rem expression Since rem expression was found to be growth – dependent and that visN expression was constant all through the growth, new regulators of motility were expected (Rotter et al. , 2006). In the present study, we demonstrated that MucR affects motility by regulation of rem expression. Binding of MucR to the promoter region upstream of rem was shown and a sequence sharing similarities with the MucR binding site consensus (Bertram-Drogatz et al. , 1998) was identified in this region. However, further investigations suggested that sequences, downstream of this consensus, could be required for MucR binding to the rem upstream region. Since MucR inhibition was increased by a mutation in rem, we speculated that the ratio of Rem / MucR levels in the cell may contribute to the regulation of motility in S. meliloti. In RU11/001, Rem was found to be present in great amount in cells at low density (Rotter et al. , 2006) and slowly disappear during the exponential growth. We did not retrieve a much higher rem transcription level at low cell density in our wild type Rm2011. However, we cannot exclude that post – transcriptional regulation is responsible for the accumulation of Rem protein in Rm2011 at low cell density. If high levels of Rem are present in the cell, the effect of MucR on regulation of rem appears to be negligible. Consistent with this postulation, we observed that at low cell densities, the expression of rem promoter was inhibited in the presence of an intact mucR locus and a disrupted rem locus, but not in the presence of a functional rem locus. In such scenario, the quantity of Rem within the cell in a culture of low cell density might be high enough to completely mask the effect of MucR, while at higher cell density, the higher quantity of MucR within the cell might be sufficient to inhibit transcription of rem. Another explanation for the difference of rem expression pattern between the strain RU11/001 and Rm2011 might be the expR status of these two independent wild types. Indeed, Rm2011 exhibits an insertion element within expR (Pellock et al. , 2002), leading to a non – functional gene and consequently a deficient quorum- sensing (QS) system. It was previously shown that the Sin / ExpR quorum sensing system (Marketon et al. , 2002;Marketon et al. , 2003) down-regulates motility and chemotaxis genes and that the visN-visR operon was a target for the LuxR-type regulator ExpR (HOANG 2004, HOANG 2008). We could confirm the inhibition of visN expression by AHL-activated ExpR and its relay to the rem expression. Moreover, McIntosh demonstrated binding of ExpR to the promoter region of visN in the presence of AHLs implying that ExpR directly regulates transcription of visN-visR (personal communication). While rem expression levels are regulated by several regulators, including ExpR, VisN and VisR, as demonstrated in this study and elsewhere (Hoang et al. , 2008;Rotter et al. , 2006) it is unknown what factors affect expression of the autoregulated mucR gene (Muller et al. , 1993). However, MucR appears to function as a repressor, both in the presence and absence of a functional Sin quorum sensing system (Bahlawane C. et al. , 2008;McIntosh et al. , 2008), suggesting that the regulation of mucR expression is not dependent on quorum sensing, although this remains to be confirmed. 2. Requirement for swimming and swarming motility This study highlights another interesting aspect of motility in S. meliloti, namely, swarming, but not swimming, depends on the presence of a functional quorum sensing system and galactoglucan production. The requirement of exopolysaccharides for swarming was recently highlighted in a large scale analysis of Tn5 mutants exhibiting swarming defects in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008). The requirement of a functional quorum sensing for swarming was likewise found in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008;Daniels et al. , 2006). However, this strain exhibits two different quorum sensing systems CinIR and RaiIR, with a much brighter QS signal molecules spectrum. We demonstrated that in S. meliloti, only those strains with an intact ExpR / Sin quorum sensing system and capable of galactoglucan and flagella production showed the ability to swarm. Even if MucR modulated the expression of the regulator of motility, the swimming ability of a mucR, expR – mutant (Rm101) was not affected. Therefore, swimming required flagella production, but not the ExpR/Sin system and galactoglucan biosynthesis. Swimming is an individual endeavour, whereas swarming is the coordinated movement of a population of bacteria in high viscosity media or over a surface and has been shown to be widespread among flagellated bacteria, particularly in association with quorum sensing (Harshey, 2003;Sharma, Anand, 2002). Hence, the involvement of quorum sensing in swarming, but not in swimming, may be an important feature in coordination of motility. 3. Interconnection between both regulation networks and comparison with other strains Coupling of the regulation of bacterial exopolysaccharide production and the regulation of cell motility has also been found in Ralstonia solanacearum (5), Vibrio cholerae (1, 34), and Salmonella enterica (7), and presumably increases the ability of the cells to interact with their prospective host cells. We found that ExpR functions as inhibitor of the master regulator of motility VisNR, in addition to its role as an activator of the expression of the galactoglucan genes in the presence of Sin AHLs and positively affect expression of exoK and exsH leading to the depolymerisation of succinoglycan (McIntosh et al. , 2008). Moreover, MucR is shown to inhibit the motility through rem expression, in addition to its role in the activation the HMW succinoglycan production and inhibition of the galactoglucan production. This fits well to the opposite regulation for succinoglycan biosynthesis and motility found previously for S. meliloti strains (Hoang et al. , 2008;Wells et al. , 2007;Yao et al. , 2004). A model is therefore proposed (Fig. 4. 2) where the inverse regulation of succinoglycan and flagella synthesis, as well as the role of MucR and ExpR are highlighted. Figure 4. 1 Regulation schem of the motility in S. meliloti Dashed lines indicate an unknown regulation path and lines indicate a direct regulation through demonstrated DNA / protein interactions. The direct effect of ExoR /ExoS has to be further analyses, expecially the interaction with visN promoter has to be elucidated. Chapter 2 Conclusion Taking in account the scheme of galactoglucan synthesis regulation (Fig. 4. 1) and the scheme of motility regulation (Fig. 4. 2) proposed in this study, we may try to follow the effect of such regulation paths in the life – styles of the bacteria. The last one is named as free – living microorganism or as symbiont in the plant root. In the first case, the bacteria are exposed to dryness and nutrients starvation. At this stage, the biofilm production is a pre-requisite for survival. Therefore, the EPS’s biosynthesis has to be switched ON. As it is quite improbable that the cell density is high enough to activate the quorum sensing system, we can speculate that MucR plays a key role in activating the succinoglycan biosynthesis. Since the soil exhibits very low level of Pi, galactoglucan is, at this point produced through the activation via phoB and WggR. Upon biofilm formation, the cell density probably increases and could activate the quorum sensing system, allowing the bacteria to produce more galactoglucan and swarm towards better conditions. In such conformation, the cells present within the centre of the swarming population are non motile and synthesized EPS; thus the cells present at the migration front are highly motile but do not synthesized EPS. It would be interesting to clarify whether a cell differentiation, as proposed by Soto (Soto et al. , 2002), takes place at this stage. Finally, if the host is present in the next neighbourhood the chemotactic compounds, as well as the nutrients found in the rood exudates, will attract the bacteria. When approaching the root, the moisture increases, along with the nutrients availability; so that swarming motility will be replaced by swimming motility that decline progressively. Indeed, the bacteria attached to the root, increasing the cell density that may lead to the inhibition of flagella production via ExpR / QS. Instead, EPS are produced, allowing recognition between the plant and the microbe as well as the invasion of the new synthesized infection thread. Once within the root, the bacteria will differentiate to bacteroid and start fixing nitrogen. We tried to highlight in this thesis the relevance of exopolysaccharides and motility for an efficient symbiosis. Great advances have been made the last years, leading to the identification of the quorum sensing interaction with motility. We participate in inclusion of MucR, as new regulator of motility and ExpR as requisite for swarming. However, the full understanding of the influence of motility in symbiosis establishment will require finding out which signals are inducing mucR and exoR/ exoS. Moreover, some tests have to be implemented to investigate the symbiosis establishment in more realistic conditions. Indeed, the bacteria are usually directly inoculated to the root, so that motility, via swarming or swimming is not required. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Alfred Puhler, Chair of the Genetics department, for allowing me use the very good infrastructure that promotes a very pleasant and conducive atmosphere during my research using performant techniques. I am especially grateful to Prof. Dr. Anke Becker, my supervisor, for giving me the chance to come back to research. Without her advices, ideas and resources, this work would not be possible and achieved. Thus, I thank her too for the freedom she gave me, as well as her support to test new ideas and her great help by conceiving and writing the manuscripts that become the pillars of this manuscript. Within the laboratory members, I would like to thank first Dr. Birgit Baumgarth who introduced me to the lab and to the investigated organism. Then, special thanks to Dr. Matthew McIntosh for the quorum sensing – related work and his help for preparing the derived publication. Furthermore, I would like to deeply thank Dr. Natasha Pobigaylo for her friendship, her helpful discussions and for giving me courage when I am about to lose it. I thank Manuela Mayer, too, for the assistance in microarray hybridizations as well as Dr. Lisa Krol, Javier Serrania and Thomas Montfort for the everyday help in the lab. Finally, I would like to thank all Exopol group members for the support and advices. Least, I would like to thank my family for their unending and heartwarming support in many ways. Special thanks to Rachida Bendaou, my mother-in-law, for her support in caring my children during my research. I would like to thank my children, Ines, Soraya and Jasmine, for filling up my life with love and happiness. I would like to apologize for the bad mood and stress situations that are unfortunately connected with such a thesis. My heartfelt gratitude to my understanding and loving husband, Naoufal, for his moral and financial support, for believing in me and for sharing the passion for science with me. Resume In order to enter symbiosis with its legume partner, Sinorhizobium meliloti has to face continual changing conditions. It has more ability to adapt quickly to the situation than the ability to face it efficiently that makes the difference in term of symbiosis efficiency. For the first interactions with its host, motility is required by S. meliloti to move towards the chemotactic compounds released by its host when exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are required later on, for the attachment to the root as well as for the invasion of the infection thread, leading to the formation of the root nodule. We focused in this study the regulatory networks leading to the coordination of motility and EPS’s production in the strain Rm2011. Depending on the phosphate concentration encountered in the environment Rm2011 synthesizes two different exopolysaccharides (EPS). Galactoglucan (EPS II) is produced under phosphate starvation but also in the presence of extra copies of the transcriptional regulator WggR (ExpG) or as a consequence of a mutation in mucR. The galactoglucan biosynthesis gene cluster contains the operons wga (expA), wge (expE), wgd (expD), and wggR (expG). Two promoters, differentially controlled by WggR, PhoB, and MucR, were identified upstream of each of these operons. The proximal promoters of the wga, wge, and wgd transcription units were constitutively active when separated from the upstream regulatory sequences. Promoter activity studies and the positions of predicted PhoB and WggR binding sites suggested that the proximal promoters are cooperatively induced by PhoB and WggR. MucR was shown to strongly inhibit the distal promoters and bound to the DNA in the vicinity of the distal transcription start sites. An additional inhibitory effect on the distal promoter of the structural galactoglucan biosynthesis genes was identified as a new feature of WggR in a mucR mutant. Motility is organized in S. meliloti in a hierarchical cascade, with Class Ia genes, encoding the major regulator of motility VisNR; controlling the expression of the class Ib gene, rem, which encodes a central regulator, activating the expression of the downstream Class II and class III genes. We could demonstrate that MucR binds a DNA sequence upstream of rem, following a different mechanism as previously observed upon binding upstream of the wg genes. By this way, MucR inhibits rem expression as well as the expression of the Rem-regulated genes such as flaF and flgG. Furthermore, we addressed a balance of the swimming and swarming abilities of several S. meliloti strains derivatives of Rm2011. We could show that all strains, able to build flagella, were swimming on low viscosity agar plates. However, swarming over high viscosity agar plates required all a functional expR / sin locus, the ability to build flagellum and the production of exopolysaccharides. Finally, we propose a model for the coordination of motility and EPSs synthesis in S. meliloti. How to cite Bahlawane Discussion, Papers

Bush’s Letter to Hussein Essay Sample free essay sample

President George Bush’s missive to President Saddam Hussein is a convincing section intended to carry Hussein to take his forces from Kuwait before struggle ensues. Some critical readers believe that Bush does non supply a rational statement. but this paper is taking the point of view that Bush non merely is rational. but telling. President George Bush is able to efficaciously convey his forceful message to President Saddam Hussein. showing that Iraq must go forth Kuwait through the usage of set uping credibleness. strength. repeat. and persuasive entreaties by explicating that the universe will non digest war and force any longer. Bush’s missive was sent to Iraq with the intent of making his primary audience of President Saddam Hussein. Hussein has a set of beliefs that differ from the remainder of the universe and as a consequence. he feels that he has the power to make what he wants. This can be assumed based on the fact that Hussein felt compelled to come in Kuwait. an ally of the United States and its alliance spouses. in the first topographic point. This act shows his bravery. This missive was meant for Hussein. as it was sent to him and his people straight. but there are a couple secondary audiences that can be deduced from the text. The people of the United States. who will finally judge President George Bush for this missive. were taken into history with statements such as. â€Å"The American people would demand the strongest possible response. † The remainder of the universe was non ignored though. as there was a particular accent on indicating out the 12 Security Council Resolutions. 28 states supplying military units. and the one hundred plus authoritiess following with the letter’s countenances. Bush’s missive had a broad scope of audiences from world’s authoritiess. to the people of the United States. to Saddam straight ; e ach with their ain alone message. With such a huge array of audiences to make. this missive besides has a huge array of messages to carry through. When it comes to President Saddam Hussein. the intent is clear. The missive has an initial aim to bring on him to go forth Kuwait. by offering to allow Iraq back into the international community and giving them a six twenty-four hours grace period to go forth. More significantly. this missive informs Hussein of the dire effects if he continues his invasion. including a full on war that would lay waste to Iraq’s authorities and military for old ages to come. Bush’s implicit in message to the universe was different. To them. it is a call-to-arms to be ready for war. in the likely opportunity that Hussein refused to go forth Kuwait. The missive referred to the 28 states that will supply military support in the attempts against Iraq. with a â€Å"Start Preparing† kind of tone. Of class. the President of the United States could non anticipate to direct this missive without sing the people of the United States. The missive mentions how strong America’s will is and how the people will demand a strong response. which points at seeking to acquire the significance of this state of affairs into the heads of the American people so that they are ready and informed. With so many intents and people to make in this missive it makes sense that it came from the President of the United States. a place of such universe standing. where every word wrote will be analyzed by every possible beginning. Continuing this paper’s analysis of Bush’s missive. he quickly attempts to edify the citizens of Iraq with certain entreaties that they are. in fact. entirely in this statement and will stay that manner if go oning on to war. While utilizing little statistic Numberss. seeking to carry the President of Iraq how they stand entirely. Bush states how many people are on the United States side. These include ; Security Council Resolutions. the states supplying armed forcess. and all the authoritiess that are in understanding with them. reasoning that it is Iraq at odds with the universe. This holding grounds. is a scare tactic as it shows Hussein that they are largely unaided and besides. a show of inauspicious effects forcing Iraq to believe that they would doubtless lose the battle. Even though the message comes across to some extent endangering to the people of Iraq. Bush appeases the feeling by saying that his purpose was merely to inform them seeing as how the United Sta tes has no wrangle with Iraq. In decision. President George Bush’s missive shows how united the universe is against Iraq’s aggression. Twenty-eight states would give military assistance and one 100 authoritiess would hold with the United States place. Iraq has no Alliess in their coup detat of Kuwait. Bush’s menaces of military action challenge Saddam Hussein’s haughtiness and sense of infallibility. Warnings of the devastation of Iraq’s military and loss of life would be on the custodies of Hussein himself. The United States would non be responsible for Iraq’s losingss. Again. the primary audience for this missive is Hussein himself. because in a absolutism such as Iraq. the people themselves are deprived of such information. Brute force keeps everyone in line with authorities directives. Furthermore. by providing a bead dead day of the month of 6 yearss for following with the menace of military intercession. this allows the possibility of Iraq fall ining the internation al community. This logical and persuasive missive targeted to an irrational egotistic autocrat demonstrates the strength that the United States has to non excuse Hussein’s stratagem any longer.

Titration Lab free essay sample

The equivalence point is characterized by a sharp change of pH which can be followed with a pHmeter. A graph of pH versus concentration will indicate the molar equivalence at the inflexion point of the curve. The point observed experimentally is never exactly the molar equivalence but a â€Å"best estimate† and is given the name â€Å"end point†. It is easier and cheaper to identify the end point with an indicator instead a pHmeter. Some chemicals such as phenolphthalein will change color when the pH changes sharply between two given values called the indicator’s range. The range of phenolphthalein is 8. 3 to 10. 0. The shape of a pH curve varies widely with the type of reactants and needs to be taken into account when choosing an indicator. We will titrate a strong base (NaOH) of unknown concentration with a strong acid (HCl). The objective is to find the purity of NaOH pellets. The pellets are close to purity but not 100 % because NaOH is very hydrophilic and the pellets are likely to be slightly hydrated. We will write a custom essay sample on Titration Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The procedure: The first part of the laboratory experiment will be the preparation of the reactants and the choice of an indicator. You will need to prepare the analyte, a solution of NaOH, of a chosen concentration and volume and prepare a solution of HCl, the titrant, accordingly. Accordingly means that the end point should be reached after the delivery of manageable volume. If a 50. ml burette is used the volume to be delivered should be between 15. ml and 40 ml. The chosen concentration of NaOH means the concentration of NaOH that you would obtain if the tablets were pure, with the understanding the objective of the titration is to give you a more accurate measurement that you will use to calculate the purity of the tablet. Acid-base chemistry tells us that the reaction between the hydronium and hydroxide ions is extensive and that the pH of the equivalence point should be close to 7. You will design a titration procedure indicating the reactants, the equipment, the data to be collected and the calculations. You will then proceed with two or three measurements depending on the precision of the first two. Your report will review the chemical background, present the data and the result and justify in your error analysis the number of significant figures of your reported concentration. The average of the trial is 24. 3 mL. The molarity of NaOH was found by using the M1V1 = M2V2 equation, resulting in 1. 1 M of NaOH. Discussion In the Titrations Lab, 50. 0 mL of 0. M HCl and appropriate amount of NaOH were titrated to find  the molarity of NaOH and the pH of the solution after x mL of NaOH has been added. The lab discussed the difference between equivalence point, the point at which the reaction between titrant and unknown is complete, and the endpoint, the point where the indicator turns color. The color change occurs when the concentration of more dominant form is ten times as great as the less dominant. However, color changes in a solution does not necessarily equal to the equivalence point. Equivalence point can be found by observing the indicator, or using a pH meter and finding midpoint of vertical line in the titration curve. Endpoints can be found by observing the color change of the indicator. The titration lab also involved indicators. Indicators are substances which undergoes a color change in the pH interval of the equivalence point, allowing physical observation of pH change. Most indicators are weak acids, so protons shift from acid to conjugate base. The concentrations of indicators in a solution do not change molarity value.

Critical analysis of after Apple picking Essay Example For Students

Critical analysis of after Apple picking Essay The choice of diction in Harvest remains unexplained- it could refer to the physical apples, the metaphorical chances or to spiritual concepts. This links back to the subject matters of regret, death and sleep- the poet emphasizes his regret in there were ten thousand thousand. The repetition of the word thousand seems to emphasize the amount of opportunity he had but yet failed to realize. A sense of frustration is also felt in the plosive For all the poet is frustrated in the immediate categorization and castigation of any apple that fell. The lack of opportunity for the apple to prove itself, as it were, is a metaphysical allusion to religion and a critique of categorizing people into good vs. bad. Frost keeps the most intriguing devices for his poem to the last. Thus far, Frost has confined himself to the explicit use of imagery and an acute notice of emotions to serve as a medium for his thoughts. However, the languid tone that pervades the poem is succored in the last passage when he talks unambiguously about sleep for the first time. This is made apparent in his choice of diction: One instead of I. By snapping out of his first person narrative, the apple picker distances him from the dreamlike quality of the poem and into a sharper dialogue. The selection of the woodchuck is a metaphor for physical sleep; however, Frost also implies sit may be some kind of longer sleep. That the poet remains unsure and undecided by the end of the poem shows suspension between not-life and not-death; where language is narcotized toward incoherence and lack of control. This final analysis makes sense in the methods explored earlier: the 2 possible analyses applied to the poem and the lack of resolution by the poems end. In the end, the poet shows that his exertions have left him so fatigue that he could sleep like the dead. Indeed the final line expresses a diminished sense of human sleep, a diminished sense of the labor, knowledge, and aspiration. It is the lack of definite analyses or poets intention that is the poets purpose here- to create and undecided poem, mimicking his own fatigue and the drowsing off of the speaker as he rambles on. The last point to be analysed can be found in Frosts style. He resorts to biblical allusion at several points, which his intended audience- 20th century Americans- would be able to grasp with ease. This is combined with abstract metaphor for sleep as death, sky for heaven, ladder for ascension and hoary grass for earth. Frost completes this jigsaw with his acute sensory perception, explicit use of imagery and multiple emotions (fatigue, desire, frustration, resignation). This gives it the unique transcendentalist touch- indeed; Frost seems to avoid labeling his poem with a definite message. Whilst the biblical allusion ascribes to his audiences spiritual consciousness his use of imagery induces emotions which mirror his own. After Apple Picking by Robert Frost is an ambiguous poem that should be celebrated for its lack of a definite meaning and acclaimed for its unique transcendentalist nature. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our International Baccalaureate World Literature section. Download this essay Print Save Top Heres what a star student thought of this essay 5 star(s).

The Man Who Was Almost a Man free essay sample

A review of the book The Man Who Was Almost a Man by Richard Wright, which is a story about the journey from boyhood to becoming a man. This paper examines the difficult transition of adolescents, as seen in the novel The Man Who Was Almost a Man by Richard Wright. It summarizes the story and the main characters gun use. The paper investigates what is masculinity and what makes a man a man. The theme of The Man Who Was Almost A Man is masculinity and what makes a man a man. In an essay about gender in literary works, Jehlen recognizes that masculinity is not something men have but something they construct (Jehlen 270). Daves construction of this masculinity is the theme of The Man Who Was Almost A Man. The first point that suggests that Dave is not really a man, is his means of attaining the gun. We will write a custom essay sample on The Man Who Was Almost a Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Molly Drug Usage in the American Society

Article summary James McKinley article in The New York Times discusses overdose of an ecstasy drug called Molly, and death resulting from the same. Molly is a new ecstasy drug sold to the youth in the United States. To be precise, Molly is a street name for a drug referred as MDMA (3, 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine). In most cases, the ecstasy drug is sold as a pill or powder.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Molly Drug Usage in the American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Medical experts and psychologists allege that Molly is a typical stimulant and is used to help patients with mental disorders to open up during counseling sessions. From this perspective, the drug is essential in helping patients socialize and open up to people around them. The right dosage of the MDMA drug is recommended. However, an overdose of the drug is considered harmful and results to abuse. The article was written to provide in sightful information regarding abuse of Molly among the youth. In fact, the article uses an example to articulate on dangers of abusing the drug. The article discusses how two young individuals died as a result of abusing the ecstasy drug. McKinley’s article is based on evidence that the drug has previously affected the youth in similar occasions. For example, the drug seems to be sold among the youths attending electric music parties. From the article, it is evident that Molly is popular among the youths aged below 25 years. According to the author, the two individuals who died at the Electric Zoo festival during Labor Day of 2013 were aged 20 and 23 years old. Evidence showing how the drug is prominent among the youths indicates similar deaths in New York. Other indications showing dangers of the drug among the youths reveals that at least 4 people die of MDMA overdose every year in New York. In addition, statistics show that at least 43 young people died from MDMA overdose between 2000 and 2011. The reason why the youth are a target of the MDMA usage is because the drug is cheap and not physically addictive. Moreover, electric music parties where the drug is sold are attractive to young people. Prolonged usage and abuse of molly has negative physiological and psychological effects. From a physiological perspective, abusers of Molly lose appetite, experience exhaustion, insomnia, jaw soreness, dizziness and constipation. Psychological effects of abusing the drug include depression, impaired attention and paranoia. McKinley’s article is interesting since it focuses on current drug abuse in the United States. The article focus on a new drug abuse trend in the country raises fundamental issues about availability of the drug off the pharmaceutical shelves. MDMA drug is meant for psychiatry and is only licensed for sale in pharmaceuticals.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article also suggests a possible mixing of Molly with methylone, making the drug fatal. The article is interesting as it associates abuse of the drug with Electric music parties. The connection between the drug and music parties is intriguing and forms a basis for further research on the same. I chose the article for its significance in research on drug abuse among the American youth. The article provides a new dimension about popular drugs abused in the country besides cocaine, heroine, marijuana and alcohol. For example, the article has information on how drugs are adulterated with dangerous substances that are fatal to users. Therefore, the article’s information can harness further research about drug abuse and required interventions. Works Cited McKinley, C. James. â€Å"Overdoses of ‘Molly’ led to Electric Zoo deaths†. The New York Times 12 Sept. 2013. Web. https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/overdoses-of -molly-led-to-electric-zoo-deaths/. This essay on Molly Drug Usage in the American Society was written and submitted by user Taryn Briggs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition Essay on Passion

Definition Essay on Passion Live Not Only for YourselfDo we know what we want in life? Almost everyone wants happiness; a person wants to be successful in all of their endeavors. This is the main goal for just about everyone in this world because getting somewhere in life is the basis of life. We might ask ourselves: how we can achieve this tremendous task? The first step is to show passion. Yes, passion. Generally passion is defined* as a powerful emotion, such as love, and joy. To take that a step further passion means to have desire, to care, and most importantly to do whatever it takes to be successful and gain respect from our peers.If passion means to have desire, what does desire mean? Desire means to want something, to need something. There must be something in our life that we desire. It can be a personal goal; something that we want to accomplish one day.English: Curt Anderson interviews Muhammad AliIf we desire something we show passion towards it, no matter what it is. It is not a coincidence that w hich one desires most, he/she holds precious upon them. For example we would most likely treat a nice sports car much better than an old, rusty, and beat up station wagon. Why? Obviously because we would rather have a sports car that we would enjoy, instead of some old station wagon. We simply desire it more. In this world we have come to expect things from others, and taking those things for granted. Sometimes we judge others, without judging ourselves. As the future of this country and the world we have to be able to realize the true meaning of passion. Everyone has to encourage one another to do better, because everyone is capable of doing something great. We must desire more, we must strive to...

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Religion Essays

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Religion Essays Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Religion Essay Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Religion Essay Faith is being certain of what we hope for and certain of what we do non see. This is a large portion of believing in God and even life itself. We have faith in everything from a auto non halting in the center of the interstate, to the roof on are house non tumbling down on us as were sitting on our couch. We do nt personally travel and look into every bolt and prison guard on an aeroplane before we let a alien fly us through the air. This is because we have great religion in the aeroplane and the pilot. To hold faith in God is nt a wages we are given by how much clip we read the Bible or by how much we go to church. Faith is a gift from God. We are given religions by believing that Jesus is the Christ, the boy of God. Without religion it is impossible to delight God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seriously seek him. ( Hebrew 11:6 ) To hold religion we besides have to obey God. Our interior attitude does non specify religion entirely. ( James 2:17 ) In the same manner, religion by itself, if it is non accompanied by action, is dead. ( James 2:19-24 ) You believe that there is one God. Good! Even the devils believe that- and frisson. You foolish adult male, do you desire grounds that religion without workss is useless? Was non our ascendant Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his boy Isaac on the alter? And the Bible was fulfilled that says, Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness, and he was called God s friend. You see that a individual is justified by what he does and non by faith alone. A individual is justified by workss merely by adult male ; because adult male can non see our religion. Our religion is justified by God. Our workss do non salvage us, but they are the grounds to our salvaging religion. If we could salvage ourselves by workss, Jesus has no n done any aid for us. Faith saves us and faith entirely. ( Ephesians 2:1-2 ) For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-and this non from yourselves, it is the gift of God-not by plants, so that no 1 can tout. For we are Gods craft, created in Christ Jesus to make good plants, which God prepared in progress for us to make. : The adherents had great religion and sometimes we desire to hold faith like them. Since we have non seen Jesus and still believe we have greater religion. Because you have seen me you have believed, blessed are those who have non yet seen but still believe. ( John 20: 29 ) Peoples that have seen Jesus and believe will non be punished, but that the people that have non seen Jesus and still believe are blessed. By holding religion and believing in God we will hold everlasting life. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the boy of God, and that by believing you may hold life in his name. ( John 20:31 ) HOW TO Get FAITH? To acquire religion we have to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and we will acquire the gift of religion and have life in his name. Faith can besides come through the message through the word of Christ. ( Romans 10:17 ) Consequently, religion comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. Sometimes we will hold a job believing that Jesus is the Christ, the boy of God and that he died on the cross for our wickednesss. We should so, fill are egos with God s word and chew over it with our bosom. To make this we should read the Bible. We will shortly recognize that Jesus is the manner the truth and the life. ( John 14:6 ) Once we become a Christian and have great religion, we can compare our life to what it used to be without God and we can see that the battles were harder when we did non hold God taking us through them. We know that our religion will non ever remain at the same degree. ( 2 Thessalonians 1:3 ) aˆÂ ¦.because your religion is turning more and moreaˆÂ ¦ . We can pray, analyze the Bible, go to church, and serve God. These things will non give us faith, but they can assist us turn in our religion. We should ever go on to praise the Godhead as a forfeit! ( Hebrews 13:15 ) We should continually offer to God a forfeit of congratulations. This will besides assist us turn in Faith. Sometimes we get caught passing all of our clip shopping, cookery, and even work. This will devour all of our ideas and God will be easy pushed out of our lives, so when we have a job we will travel to God and utilize him to assist us with our jobs but we will neer believe to give thanks to him. You should pass most of your clip reading the bible, praying to God, and thanking him for everything he has given us. Jesus died on the cross for us and has given us some really great things ; the least we could make is thank him for the material he has given us and praise him with all we have. If we have done some truly bad things in our life and do nt believe that God would of all time forgive us or even love us any longer, believe once more! God will ever love us and forgive us, no affair what we have done. We could be the 1s non honouring our female parent and male parent or hold even murdered person, but they are both wickednesss, both holding effects. Everybody wickednesss and if we merely inquire for forgiveness and believe, we will hold everlasting life and your journey with the Lord will go on in the right way. When we accept God into your bosom, our life will non be perfect. It does hold great things that come with it though! If we have struggles in our life that you think will neer travel off, we can pray to God and he will assist us through it. When a job comes up and we have nil left, we can ever number on God to be at that place for us! God is the 1 that we will ever necessitate and the 1 that will ever love us! To cognize God will ever forgive and love us, should give us the bravery to love and forgive our enemies. If we are endeavoring to travel in the right way and want to populate our life praising, and functioning God, the door will ever be unfastened. To inquire Jesus Christ to be in our life is easy but it will be the biggest determination we will do in our whole full life. God has led me to make many things that will assist his land grow and they were things I neer thought of making, but through religion I did it and I was rewarded. Faith is a large thing in everyone s life, I encourage everyone to travel out and make the thing that God is naming you to make. This thing might be really difficult to understand or you might non swear that he will acquire you through it but God has a program for us and he will steer us through it and honor us for what we have done. We need to utilize religion and trust in God as we take these stairss into the right journey. Doubts Doubts are when we are disbelieving about something or have undecided feelings. Doubts can come running in our life at a bolting velocity, and will vie with everything for are attending. Sometimes we can be submerging in uncertainty until something reassures us of our religion. ( Proverbs 3:5 ) Trust in the Godhead with all your bosom and thin non on your ain apprehension ; in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will do your waies directly. If we are a true Christians and human existences, we will see uncertainties. We have non seen Jesus therefore we will hold uncertainty. There will be a point when we hit something that will do us make up ones mind between religion and uncertainty. This will assist us turn in Faith. In the Bible there were people that had non believed in Jesus until they had seen him. Thomas did non believe the other 11 adherents when they had said ( John 20:25, 27 ) we have seen the Lord. Thomas said Unless I see the nail Markss in his custodies and set my finger where the nails were, and set my manus into his side, I will non believe it. Jesus so came in through the locked doors and said Peace be with you! Put your finger here ; see my custodies. Reach out your manus and set it into my side. Stop doubting and believe. Doubts are nt ever a bad thing though. Doubts can assist steer us through our journey with God. When we have uncertainties we might non believe that we will still hold everlasting life in Heaven, but uncertainties can assist us hold greater religion in the long tally. When we doubt we will inquire more inquiries to happen out everything we want to cognize. We will larn why God is the reply and why the other theories have no manner of being possible. We will besides get down reading the Bible more and traveling to church more so we reassure are faith. Doubts do nt intend you re non a Christian or that you do nt hold faith, it merely means that you doubt because we believe in God and he is unobserved! Doubts are normal in life. Its difficult to construct so much religion up of something that we have non seen and non cognizing if it s traveling to be true until we see it, but we need to believe and swear in the Godhead. Have you of all time got caught believing Possibly God is nt existent. Or possibly Is it to good to be true? or How could God hold done this? But the truth it is a great thing that God made this Universe. If we think about it God Is REAL because who could hold made this Earth? Who could hold made us? It had to be person so great merely like God. Sometimes we even doubt because we have prayed and what we prayed did non travel are manner or we got hurt by a loved one death. God disciplines us because he treats us as sons- everyone has had subject. God disciplines us for our good, it is painful at the clip but subsequently you have a crop of righteousness and peace for us if we are trained by it. ( Hebrews 12:7-13 ) Endure adversity as subject ; God is handling you as boies. For what boy is non disciplined by his male parent? If you are non disciplined ( and everyone undergoes subject ) , so you are illicit kids and non true boies. Furthermore, we have all had human male parents who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we subject to the Father of our liquors and unrecorded! Our male parents disciplined us for a small while as they thought best ; but God disciplines us for our good, that we may portion in his sanctity no subject seems pleasant at the clip, but painful. Later on, nevertheless, it pro duces a crop of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it. Therefore, beef up your lame weaponries and weak articulatio genuss. Make degree waies for your pess so that the square may non be disabled. Sometimes we will pray to God, proving him so that we can believe. We will state him God if you let me acquire a occupation publicity or acquire on the high school hoops squad the following twenty-four hours so I will believe. When that does nt go on it does non intend God is non existent or does nt reply supplications, it merely means that we want the occupation publicity or the high school hoops squad more than we would love to believe in God. God is non a individual that will manus us things when we so want, but does reply our supplications. ( Jeremiah 33:3 ) Name to me and I will reply you and state you great and unsearchable things you do non cognize. He besides promises to reply are supplications. ( Isaiah 65:24 ) Before they call I will reply ; while they are still talking I will hear. Once we see beyond the image of God giving us what we wish for, his word promises we have assurance that we will have anything we ask for. ( 1 John 3:21-22 ) Dear friends, if our Black Ma rias do non reprobate us, we have confidence before God and receive from him anything we ask, because we obey his bids and make what pleases him. God is non a force that is merely someplace. God is everyplace and he is a God that is personal with us and he is the spirit. He cares for us and he knows us all and even the figure of hairs on our caputs. ( Luke 12:7 ) Indeed, the really hairs of your caput are all numbered. It is easier to recognize that God is existent when you know that he is non a fairy tale or a force ; he is the spirit. THE End Life is an experience of life. We have two lives. One is where we are born from a human being on Earth and the other is when we die we will be born once more and we will be sent to Heaven to be with God. Here on Earth we have problems mentally, physically, spiritually, and many other ways, but in Heaven it is perfect. ( Revelation 4:1-3 ) Heaven is where God lives. It is where God is on his throne and is the full and complete look of God s kingship. Heaven has no hurting, sorrow, deceases, shouting, or unhappiness. In the Bible there is non a batch of information on Heaven is traveling to look or be, we merely know that it will be a perfect topographic point! We can merely conceive of what Heaven will be like, but God has manner better programs so we could of all time come up with, or even conceive of. If we saw a sign of the zodiac we would consider that the houses in Heaven will be three times as large, but that is non what they will be like because it would non be superior plenty. Heaven is a wages for those who overcome everything in the life we are populating. ( Revelation 3:21 ) Heaven offers wagess for those who overcome in this life. To acquire to Heaven we do nt merely unrecorded life, we have to believe in God as were populating! ( John 3:16 ) For God so loved the universe that he gave his 1 and merely boy, that whoever believes in him shall non die but have everlasting life. One of the many huge things about Heaven is there is neer a clip when God runs out of suites. ( John 14:2 ) In my Father s house are many suites ; if it were non so, I would hold told you. God does non direct merely the best people, that have greater religion, or the 1s that have done better things, he will direct everyone to Heaven that believes in him.

Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address - Coursework Example In his inaugural address, Roosevelt directly blamed businessmen and bankers for being greedy and short-termed (Allswang, p. 89). Roosevelt believed that they were the villains that caused economic crunches and its moral dimensions.The first phase (1933-34) tried to deliver recuperation from the Great Depression. This was through programs that regulated business and agriculture, price stabilization, inflation, and public works. Getting-together in (1933) in special session, the Congress established several emergency organizations, remarkably the National Recovery Administration (NRA), the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Public Works Administration and Civilian Conservation Corporation among others (Allswang, 1978). The Congress also instituted farm relief, stiffened finance and banking regulations, and established the Tennessee Valley Authority. Afterward, Democratic Congresses dedicated themselves to intensifying and modifying these laws. In 1934, Congress established the Federal Communications Commission and Securities and Exchange Commission and passed the National Housing Act, Trade Agreements Act and currency acts business (Allswang, p. 17).The second phase of the New Deal (1935-41), continued with relief and recovery measures, providing for economic and social legislation to help the mass of working people. In 1935, the social security system was set up. In the same year, the Work Projects Administration and National Youth Administration were established (Allswang, 1978). The Fair Labor Standards Act was approved in 1938. The Revenue Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 provided techniques to democratize the federal tax structure. In 1935, a number of New Deal methods were overturned by the Supreme Court, however; the National Recovery Administration was struck down and the subsequent year the Agricultural Adjustment Administration was annulled. President fruitlessly sought to reorganize the Su preme Court. Meanwhile, other laws were replaced for legislation that had been affirmed unconstitutional (Allswang, 1978).

Mathematics Curriculum in Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mathematics Curriculum in Education - Assignment Example Teachers did not realize the importance of relating the lesson to the real life experience of the students. Later, educators and philosophers realized that the content of math education should be close to the students’ personal experience or to realia, hence math education geared towards a more practical approach in which learning concepts were discussed and examples from real life experiences were given. Today, efforts to improve mathematics teaching have grown immeasurably, thus allowing teachers to teach math effectively. This paper discusses some of the modern approaches useful for attaining goals in the upper primary math classrooms. In particular, the approaches mentioned are relevant to the teaching of Mathematics in the upper primary level in (name of school), which is located in Brunei Darussalam. The Mathematics curriculum in (name of school) adopts a modern approach to teaching. In particular, the curriculum emphasizes the teaching of math in relation to the real life setting. This means giving particular attention to how math is used in the real world, such as government, business, home, and school. In the curriculum for upper primary (Grades 4–6) students, the syllabus includes topics that relate to real life experiences of using numbers and math concepts. Specifically, the goals of instruction include the following: †¢ Communication of math ideas in oral and written form ... This denotes the use of modern approaches that promote communication among students, especially in spoken language. Such approaches include Cooperative Learning, Cooperative Learning entails class activities that allow students to interact with each other and perform tasks in groups. Murdoch and Wilson (n.d.) define cooperative learning as an approach that requires students to work together towards a common goal. Merely working in groups without specific goals and measurements cannot be considered cooperative learning. For activities to be considered as cooperative learning activities, they should have clearly set goals and rules, for instance, each student in the group plays an important role in the performance of a particular activity. One way of applying Cooperative Learning is asking students to solve math problems. For example, students will be asked to solve for the average of annual GDP growth of the country in 10 years. In the given problem, each member of the group will be a ssigned to solve the GDP growth for (a) particular year/s. Hence, in a group of four, one can be assigned to solve for the growth from 2002-2005, another for 2005-2008, still another for 2008-2012, then finally another member averages the total GDP growth from his/her classmates. This way, each member of the group contributes effort and knowledge to come up with the final answer. The answer to the problem cannot be obtained without the output of each individual. Thus, assigning each member a role will make the student collaborate with others. Without the contribution of each member, the group will not be able to arrive at the final answer. Brown and Ciuffetelli (2009) and Siltala (2010) identify five basic and

Secondary Quantitative Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Secondary Quantitative Data - Essay Example So we are concerned with research carried out by making effective use of existing quantitative data. That is, whereas in primary research both data collection and analysis is used, in secondary research, "creative analytic techniques [are applied] to data that have been amassed by others" (Kiecolt, 1985). Another important distinction to note given that this study examines the strengths and weaknesses of using secondary quantitative data is that secondary data is that which has been collected for another purpose but later reanalyzed for use in another piece of research. This of course brings to question the validity of doing this, the rationale for conducting secondary research, its advantages and limitations. Examples of the types of secondary quantitative data are the following: Official records relating to births, marriages and deaths; records relating to crime, divorce, voting patterns etc.; the census; records held by academic, business and other organizations. The census is a special type of secondary dataset due to it being obligatory. Other regular or ad hoc surveys also provide useful statistical information. Some sources for using secondary data include surveys conducted by organizations, economic data, university academia research, national and international statistics, and opinion polls. Secondary analysis can be used on a variety of quantitative data including cohort, time-series, trend, and so on. The widespread use of secondary data in social science research probably dates back to the 'secondary data movement' of the 1960s when there was "a growing emphasis upon the use of secondary data in research, with important developments in social indicators analysis, the rise of survey archives, and the overall development of quantitative social research all playing a part." (Sobal, 1982) Secondary quantitative data is used to a great extent in economics and geography amongst the social science disciplines. Uses of Secondary Data (Strengths) Often, the greatest advantages to using secondary quantitative data are the cost and time saving benefits, and the simpler process for obtaining it. It is simply quicker and cheaper to obtain quantitative data from secondary sources than it would be from primary sources through gathering data oneself. In contrast to secondary research, primary research, specifically data collection, is a more complex procedure, typically takes a lot of time, and usually costs more to carry out. It also requires appropriate skills, access to people or sites, special equipment and other resources etc. These requirements are not an issue for obtaining secondary data. There are also issues of "declining resources for research in the social sciences" (Kiecolt, 1985) and climatic constraints, which makes it expedient to rely on existing survey data. Moreover, in this Information Age, an abundance of quantitative data is available nowadays, particularly in libraries and on the Internet. As Kiecolt points ou t in 'Secondary Analysis of Survey Data': "With data already collected, the costs are only those of obtaining the data, preparing them for analysis (such as ensuring that all data are computer-ready and compatible with the system), and

International Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

International Banking - Essay Example Measuring bank liquidity risk incorporates the comparison of accumulated expected cash shortfalls for a given period of time with the stock available for funding the cash sources. In accounting, the stock or the asset available in an organization should always be sufficient to fund the financial sources. To measure this risk, the accountant is required to assign the anticipated cash flows to periods in the future that have financial products with unpredictable cash flow timings (Musakwa, 2013). It is important to note that there is no agreed criterion that can be used to assign the cash flows. In other words, there is no common consensus on how to carry out the procedures. The variations in measuring funding liquidity risk are normally caused by the considerations of solvency, immediacy, as well as the cost of obtaining liquidity. First, solvency can only be applied in firms that are solvent. It can be defined in terms of funding liquidity risk as the capability of a firm that is sol vent to make the payments agreed upon in a timely manner. It should be noted that not only solvent banks that are liquid (Musakwa, 2013). At times, even insolvent banks may be liquid and this makes it difficult to use solvent as the main base for measuring banks liquidity risk. Further, a solvent bank can at times be illiquid. Insolvent banks may for instance be liquid in the event of information asymmetry. Such a situation may arise where the bank is fully aware of its solvency status but the public has no clue regarding the same. The distinction between solvency and funding liquidity risk is easy especially in the events of crises capped with information asymmetry. But it should be noted that solvency is normally covered by capital while ion the other hand funding liquidity risk is covered by cash inflows (Ruozi & Ferrari, 2012). Cost of obtaining liquidity is also likely to cause variations in bank liquidity risk. In most cases, funding is obtained with the main objective of cove ring obligations (Matz & Neu, 2007). However, it has to be obtained at an additional cost. The additional cost happens to be the major concern of accountants. In fact, some definitions of funding liquidity risk are based on this cost. For instance, the term funding liquidity risk could be defined as â€Å"the risk that a financial firm, though solvent, either does not have enough financial resources to allow it to meet its obligations as they fall due or can obtain such funding only at excessive cost† (Musakwa, 2013). This definition describes the cost of liquidity in in subjective terms. The defect of the definition is that the costs differ from market to market as well as across various banks. Under this concept, the bank liquidity risk is measured basing in the additional cost for obtaining the funds (Davis, 2004). Finally, the immediacy is an important aspect of funding liquidity risk. It defines the speed with which a bank can be in apposition to meet its obligations. In measuring funding liquidity under this concept, the time frame within which the bank is likely to become unable to meet its obligations is estimated (Hlatshwayo, et al. 2013). As mentioned earlier, known regarding the distribution of run off profile in most financial products for banks. However, there is an increased need for establishing a reliable method of measuring bank liquidity risk so as to avoid bank crises. In essence, the measure of bank liquidity ri

Healthcare Financing in Italy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Financing in Italy - Term Paper Example At present, Italy’s healthcare system is financed through different measures, although it is primarily financed through general tax revenues (Maio & Manzoli, 2002, p.304). The National Health Fund (NHF) provides the major financing for public health care. The NHF is yearly apportioned to Italy’s twenty regions, which, in turn, distribute resources to the Local Health Agencies (LHAs). Donatini et al. (2001) cited several public and private revenue sources of Italy’s healthcare system: a regional tax on economic activities, general taxation, other regional taxes, users’ co-payments and private financing (p.35). By 1999, private financing sources already made up 33% of the total health care expenditure (Donatini et al., 2001, p.35). This created a more privatized form of healthcare financing, with increasing dependence on private providers and more out-of-pocket payments. Healthcare Administration For Italy, the primary healthcare institution is the Ministry of Health, which oversees the National Health Fund (Donatini et al., 2001, p.21). The National Health Fund provides financing for the national healthcare system. The Ministry of Health, via its departments and services, accomplishes five various roles: health care planning; health care financing; framework regulation; monitoring; and general governance of the National Institutes for Scientific Research (IRCCS – Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) (Donatini et al., 2001, p.21). Furthermore, regional governments, through their related health departments, aim to follow the national objectives set by the National Health Plan at the regional level (Donatini et al., 2001, p.23). ... Regional health departments are mandated to deliver the healthcare benefit package to the population through a system of local health units and public and private accredited hospitals and clinics (Donatini et al., 2001, p.23). Local health units are geographically-oriented organizations that assess healthcare needs and provide comprehensive care to local target populations (Donatini et al., 2001, p.25). Access and Inequality Issues It is hard to determine access and inequality issues in Italy, because its law states comprehensive healthcare coverage for all their citizens. Mostly likely then, the uninsured ones in both countries are the illegal immigrants, who have to pay for their healthcare expenses through their pockets. Italy aims for a comprehensive public healthcare insurance system but recent deregulation efforts increase private funding and out-of-pocket expenses. Italy has comparable healthcare indicators with Iceland (World Health Organization, 2011). Italy’s regiona l division of average immunization rates shows that total coverage is â€Å"higher in the north than the south† (Donatini et al., 2001, p.61). Furthermore, coverage rates percentage for compulsory vaccinations are better than the recommended ones (Donatini et al., 2001, p.61). For instance, the immunization for measles is 75% for Italy and 100% for Iceland (Donatini et al., 2001, p.62). Conclusion In terms of financing, Italy has a government-financing-dominated healthcare system. Increasing deregulation and privatization, however, increases private financing of the healthcare system. Access problems are based on location and socio-economic status. References Donatini, A.,

Why Nomadic People Developed Complex Civilization Essay

Why Nomadic People Developed Complex Civilization - Essay Example They would move to a place that they considered economically better than their current situation (Goldin et al 120). There were three categories of Nomadic people, hunters and gatherers, pastoral, and wandering Nomads. Hunters and gatherers nomads were communities moving from one location to another in search of wild meat, fruits, and vegetables. Pastoral nomads’ movement were influenced by the availability of water and pastures for their cattle, they were settling in places with good pasture for their animals, and when pastures and water were exhausted in these locations, they would move to another location with greener pasture and water. On account of their movement and interaction with various communities, modern day civilization was born that led to the development of different economic empires and rise of military structure. Another of factors made nomadic people settle, build and develop complex civilization. Firstly, the development of new methods agriculture as time passes by made nomads to settle in one place because there was a way to control drought through irrigating their land. Also, through improved irrigation system, pastoralist were able to store enough water for their animals and at the same time irrigate land reserved for pasture so that they do not run animal feeds.

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Empowerment can be defined in general as the capacity of individuals, groups and/or communities gain control of their circumstances and achieve their own goals, thereby being able to work towards helping themselves and others to maximise the quality of their lives. In health and social care empowerment means patients, carers and service users exercising choice and taking control of their lives. It is not that one is empowered means he or she become all powerful like God. Even if we are empowered still we have limitation. Actual meaning of empowerment is that one feels that he or she able and feels powerful enough in certain situations to take part in decision making. I also will explain how politics played a part in disempowering women in health and social care services. It is a greatest challenge in health and social care to achieve progress with the empowerment of carers and people who receive services. Beginnings of twentieth century women were disempowered because of politics played a part. Emancipation is a commonly used word in other western European countries to refer to what in the UK mean by empowerment. The word emancipation has is useful because it has overtones of the struggle for votes for women in Britain at the beginning of the twentieth century, so it reminds us that empowerment  Ã‚  in the health and social services has a political aspect. When carers and people who use services experience being disempowered and excluded, this is a form of political disenfranchisement. In other words, it is as though they have no vote and are not treated as full members of society. In contrast, when people become empowered, they can exercise choices and have the possibility of maximising their potential and living full and active lives.   There is a tension between enabling people to take control of their lives and recognising that workers may need to intervene and take control sometimes, in order to protect other people. This applies to both empowerment and advocacy. Empowerment for people with learning disabilities is the process by which they develop increased skills to take control of their lives. This will help them achieve goals and aspirations, maximising their quality of life. A key feature in empowering people is giving them a voice and actively listening to what they have to say. Empowerment is, therefore, closely linked to the concept of advocacy. Empowerment in learning disability can be described as a social process, whereby people who are considered as belonging to a stigmatised social group can be assisted to develop increased skills to take control of their lives. This increased control will help them to achieve their goals and aspirations and thus potentially maximise the quality of their lives. The concept has connections with assertiveness and independence and is clearly linked to the various forms of advocacy. When considering the current climate it is somewhat an indictment on our times that the Government sees the need to name the White Paper regarding its vision for learning disability services as Valuing People. The title alone inversely suggests that as a society we are not valuing people. The content presents the evidence on levels of exclusion, disempowerment and lack of valued social roles facing those with a learning disability and how services should be planned to address this. (A similar Scottish Executive Review of Learning Disability has the title The Same As You.) For the individual with a learning disability, the subjective experience of empowerment is about rights, choice and control which can lead them to a more autonomous lifestyle. For the professional, it is about anti-oppressive practice, balancing rights and responsibilities and supporting choice and empowerment whilst maintaining safe and ethical practice. Education is often seen as the main engine of empowerment, equality and rights of access. Thus, as a group, people with a learning disability can be at a particular disadvantage. They may have to be enabled and supported to perhaps overcome social obstacles and can be dependent on others to make important information accessible to them, assist them with advocacy and help safeguard their rights. A key feature in empowering individuals is giving them a voice and then listening actively to what they have got to say. Person Centred Planning with its focus on placing the individual at the centre of the process and using techniques to obtain meaningful participation can be a major contribution to finding out what people have got to say. Empowerment will bring along with it rights and responsibilities plus also potential risks for people. It is often the fear of physical risk which can inhibit empowerment processes for people who see themselves as responsible for vulnerable people. They may fear a blame culture if things go wrong. Surprisingly, as recently as 1998, the Social Services Inspectorate noted there were no systematic approaches for risk assessment and management in the field of learning disability. The Foundation for People with a Learning Disability set out to identify good practice in how to reconcile the tension between ensuring the safety of an individual with a learning disability and empowering them to enjoy a full life in the community. A report was produced called Empowerment and Protection (Alaszewski et al, 1999) which suggested that organisations needed to develop risk policies which embrace both protection and empowerment issues at the same point. The definition of risk should look at consequences and probability. Procedures should also include, from the start, the wishes and needs of the person who has the learning disability and involve them  throughout, including the decision making stage. Such comments about organisations developing appropriate risk strategies show that empowerment is not there just  as a concept for front line staff, but should penetrate the strategic planning levels. Valuing People states (Section 4.27) that people with a learning disability should be consulted for their views on services and these views utilised at a corporate planning level. In Mrs Ali case she is empowered by Muslim religious faith to take of her bed-bound husband although in contrast her care taker Jean believes that Mrs Ali should be empowered. This indicates religion also empower some people to take care vulnerable people.